View Full Version : Water, water, and more water
Water is one of the simplest things in life but yet one of the greatest gifts, and we do take it for granted.... and really how much do we know about this small yet most abundant Molecule http://barbados.globat.com/~sudanforum.net/forum/images/smiles/icon_biggrin.gif........
We often perceive liquid water (H2O) to be ordinary as it is transparent, odorless, tasteless and ubiquitous. It is the simplest compound of the two most common reactive elements in the Universe, consisting of just two hydrogen atoms attached to a single oxygen atom. Indeed, very few molecules are smaller or lighter.
However, liquid water is the most extraordinary substance. Although we drink it, wash, fish and swim in it, and cook with it (although probably not all at the same time), we nearly always overlook the special relationship it has with our lives. Droughts cause famines and floods cause death and disease. We are about two-thirds water and, without it, we die within a few days. It has importance as a solvent, a solute, a reactant and a biomolecule, structuring proteins, nucleic acids and cells. Water is the second most common molecule in the Universe (behind hydrogen, H2) and fundamental to star formation. Life cannot evolve or continue without liquid water, which is why there is so much fuss about finding water on Mars and other planets and moons. It is unsurprising that it plays a central role in many of the World's religions.
Water is the most studied material on Earth but it is remarkable to find that its behavior and function are so poorly understood (or even ignored), not only by people in general, but also by scientists working with it everyday. The size of the water molecule belies the complexity of its actions and its singular capabilities. Water's unique properties and chameleonic nature seem to fit ideally into the requirements for life as can no other molecule.
Facts about Water,
1. Most of the earth's surface consists of water; there is much more water than there is land.
2. Water can not only be found on the surface, but also in the ground and in the air.
3. There is the same amount of water on earth as there was when the earth was formed. The water that came from your faucet could contain molecules that Neanderthals drank…
4. The overall amount of water on our planet has remained the same for two billion years.
5. There are two kinds of water; salt water and freshwater. Salt water contains great amounts of salt, whereas freshwater has a dissolved salt concentration of less than 1%. Only freshwater can be applied as drinking water.
6. Water consists of three atoms, 2 Hydrogen atoms and an Oxygen atom, that are bond together due to electrical charges.
7. The weight of a water molecule depends on the number of moles present, as it is 18 grams per mole.
8. Water moves around the earth in a water cycle. The water cycle has five parts: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration and surface run-off.
9. In a 100-year period, a water molecule spends 98 years in the ocean, 20 months as ice, about 2 weeks in lakes and rivers, and less than a week in the atmosphere.
10. Groundwater can take a human lifetime just to traverse a mile.
11. Most of the earth's surface water is permanently frozen or salty.
12. Water regulates the earth's temperature.
13. Water freezes at zero degrees Celcius.
14. Water vaporizes at a hundred degrees Celcius.
15. Water is the only substance that is found naturally on earth in three forms: liquid, gas, solid.
16. If water changes phase its physical appearance changes due to parting of water molecules. In the solid phase the water molecules are close together and in the gaseous phase they are the furthest apart.
17. Frozen water is 9% lighter than water, which is why ice floats on water.
18. A litre of water weighs 1.01 kilograms.
19. It doesn't take much salt to make water "salty." If one-thousandth (or more) of the weight of water is from salt, then the water is "saline."
20. Saline water can be desalinated for use as drinking water by going through a process to remove the salt from the water.
21. When water contains a lot of calcium and magnesium, it is called hard water. Hard water is not suited for all purposes water is normally used for.
22. To determine water quality certified agencies take samples that are tested in a laboratory. The samples are tested on various factors, to determine if they suffice water quality standards.
23. Each country has its own water quality standards that determine to which degree water should be purified, depending on the purpose it will be used for.
1. As oceans are very wide and there are multiple to be found on earth, oceans store most of the earth's water. This is apparently 97% of the total amount of water on earth, 2% of which is frozen.
2. 80% of the earth's water is surface water. The other 20% is either ground water or atmospheric water vapour.
3. Of all the water on earth, only 2,5% is fresh water. Fresh water is either groundwater (0,5%), or readily accessible water in lakes, streams, rivers, etc. (0,01%).
4. If all the world's water were fit into a gallon jug, the fresh water available for us to use would equal only about one tablespoon.
5. Over 90% of the world's supply of fresh water is located in Antarctica.
6. Less than 1% of the water supply on earth can be used as drinking water.
7. The earth's total amount of water has a volume of about 344 million cubic miles.
· 315 million cubic miles is seawater.
· 9 million cubic miles is groundwater in aquifers.
· 7 million cubic miles is frozen in polar ice caps.
· 53,000 cubic miles of water pass through the planet's lakes and streams.
· 4,000 cubic miles of water is atmospheric moisture.
· 3,400 cubic miles of water are locked within the bodies of living things.
8. Approximately 66% of the human body consists of water. Water exists within all our organs and it is transported throughout our body to assist physical functions.
9. The total amount of water in the body of an average adult is 37 litres.
10. Human brains are 75% water.
11. Human bones are 25% water.
12. Human blood is 83% water.
13. 75% of a chicken is water.
14. 80% of a pineapple is water.
15. 95% of a tomato is water.
16. 70% of an elephant is water.
17. Each day the sun evaporates a trillion tons of water.
18. A single tree will give off 265 liters (70 gallons) of water per day in evaporation.
19. An acre of corn will give off 15,000 litres (4,000 gallons) of water per day in evaporation.
20. A small drip from a faucet can waste as much as 75 litres of water a day.
21. The amount of water we deliver on a hot summer day, 308 million litres (80 million gallons), could fill 1.28 billion cups of coffee.
1. A person can live about a month without food, but only about a week without water. If a human does not absorb enough water dehydration is the result.
2. A person must consume 2 litres of water daily to live healthily. Humans drink an average of 75.000 litres of water throughout their life.
3. Humans cannot drink salt water.
4. More than 2 billion people on earth do not have a safe supply of water.
5. Water regulates the temperature of the human body. If you have caught a fever you should drink lots of water.
6. Water removes waste from the human body.
7. You should never drink water straight from a lake or river, as it can be damaging to your health.
8. If you live in an old house with lead pipelines you could get health problems. Due to weathering of the pipelines lead can end up in your tap water.
9. Your drinking water may be fluoridated to help prevent dental cavities.
10. Water leaves the stomach five minutes after consumption.
11. Centres for Disease Control receive notification of more than 4,000 cases per year of illness due to drinking water contamination.
12. A quarter of the world's population is without safe drinking water.
13. Water can cause serious health damage when it is contaminated by bacteria and other microrganisms.
14. In most cities and towns, drinking water from the tap is treated so that people don't get sick with diseases such as cholera and typhoid, which are caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites found naturally in the water.
1. Humans use more and more water each year.
2. Americans use five times the amount of water that Europeans use.
3. Humans daily use about 190 litres (50 gallons) of water.
4. A person pays about 25 cents for water use on a daily basis.
5. Two thirds of the water used in a home is used in the bathroom.
6. To flush a toilet we use 7.5 to 26.5 litres (2 to 7 gallons) of water.
7. In a five-minute shower we use 95 to 190 litres (25 to 50 gallons) of water.
8. To brush your teeth you use 7.5 litres (2 gallons) of water.
9. For an automatic dishwasher 35 to 45 litres (9 to 12 gallons) of water is used.
10. Saving a bottle of cold water in the fridge is better that taking it from the tap, because it saves time and water.
11. While brushing your teeth, instead of leaving the tap running, you should fill up a glass to rinse your mouth.
12. Showers use less water than a typical Baths.
13. The average person spends less than 1 % of his or her total personal expenditure dollars for water, wastewater, and water disposal services.
14. Less than 1% of the water treated by public water systems is used for drinking and cooking.
15. Bottled water can be up to 1000 times more expensive than tap water and it may not be as safe.
16. Today, at least 400 million people live in regions with severe water shortages.
1. Humans largely influence the factors that determine water quality, as they depose off their waste in water and add all kinds of substances and contaminants that are not naturally present. We now know more than 70.000 water pollutants.
2. About 450 cubic kilometres of wastewater are carried into coastal areas by rivers and streams every year. These pollution loads require an additional 6,000 cubic kilometres of freshwater to dilute the pollution. This amount equals to two-thirds of the world's total stable run-off.
3. Public water supplies must meet or exceed certain standards. The kind of standards that are used differ for each country. Many public water supplies consistently supply water that is much better than the minimum standards.
4. Four litres (1 gallon) of gasoline can contaminate approximately 2.8 million litres (750,000 gallons) of water.
5. Groundwater supplies serve about 80% of the population, whereas up to 4% of usable groundwater is already polluted.
6. There are 12,000 different toxic chemical compounds in industrial use today, and more than 500 new chemicals are developed each year.
7. Over 70,000 different water contaminants have been identified.
8. Each day almost 10,000 children under the age of 5 in Third World countries die as a result of illnesses contracted by use of impure water.
9. Today, drinking water meets over a hundred different standards for drinking water quality.
10. The principal sources of contamination are associated with the post World War II chemical age.
11. If all new sources of contamination could be eliminated, in 10 years, 98% of all available groundwater would then be free of pollution.
12. Most of the world's people must walk at least 3 hours to fetch water.
13. Freshwater animals are disappearing five times faster than land animals.
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afriend, you know i was talking to my doc a couple of days back about my wiehgt, and i told him i would like to loose 25LB, he was like u could loose 1/4 of that in a month if u just stop drinking juices and drink your 12 glasses of water daily
8) 8)
so am starting this cool 7day plan diet next weeek (which will make me loose 5-8kg) plus drinking my 12 glasses of water daily and my 3day workout cylcle at the gym, and wait for the result
:oops
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ShatNar, thanks for your contribution...we tent to forget about the simple things in life and we take them for granted...Water is the gift of life buthow many of us remember that:-?
looooooool@dollyh (looooooool@dollyh), it is true if you wantto loss weight you should drink water it washes a lot of the bad stuff out:wink: ...I reposted specially to remaind people of how important water is and for them to remember to drink plenty:)
let me know how it goes!!
looooooool@dollyh, it is true if you wantto loss weight you should drink water it washes a lot of the bad stuff out:wink: ...I reposted specially to remaind people of how important water is and for them to remember to drink plenty:)
let me know how it goes!!
i will :D , you know my sister's wedding is coming up and i gotta look all sexy:oops
i will :D , you know my sister's wedding is coming up and i gotta look all sexy:oops
Wow dollyh , There is a man around (ShataNar :angry: ):love: :love: :lv:
:D :D
Dollyh, you better loss the extra weigh and fast, a girl got to look her best specially at her sister's wedding;)
ShataNa, da kalla banat, stay out of it:lool: :lool: you were meant to ignore it:p looooooool
Wow dollyh , There is a man around (ShataNar :angry: ):love: :love: :lv:
:D :D
so :roll: :roll: i ddint say anything wrong:roll:
believe it or not i thought u were a Girl :D
Dollyh, you better loss the extra weigh and fast, a girl got to look her best specially at her sister's wedding;)
ShataNa, da kalla banat, stay out of it:lool: :lool: you were meant to ignore it:p looooooool
:lool: :lool: :lool: :lool: my sis was like: dolly u better find urself a man in the wedding if not am going to shoot u right in between the brow:lool: :lool: :lool:
1. It takes 5,680 litres (1,500 gallons) of water to process one barrel of beer.
2. It takes 450 litres (120 gallons) of water to produce one egg.
3. To process one chicken we need 44 litres (11.6 gallons) of water.
4. To process one can of fruit or vegetables we need 35 litres (9.3 gallons) of water.
5. About 25,700 litres (6,800 gallons) of water is required to grow a day's food for a family of four.
6. It takes 7,000 litres (1,850 gallons) of water to refine one barrel of crude oil.
7. To manufacture new cars 148,000 litres (39,000 gallons) of water are used per car.
loooooooooool@ur (loooooooooool@ur) sister.....and she is right:wink:
so :roll: :roll: i ddint say anything wrong:roll:
believe it or not i thought u were a Girl :D
My sis dollyh,
I am just joking , I think you are now pretty enough to attend your sister wedding.:D :D
ShataNa, da kalla banat, stay out of it:lool: :lool: you were meant to ignore it:p looooooool
Sis Afriend,
Ok now am out of it.:p :p :p
:wink:
:lool: :lool: :lool: :lool: my sis was like: dolly u better find urself a man in the wedding if not am going to shoot u right in between the brow:lool: :lool: :lool:
:D:D:D
My sis dollyh,
I am just joking , I think you are now pretty enough to attend your sister wedding.:D :D
:oops :oops sanx
:D:D:D
ÊÖÍßí ÈáÇ Óäæä íÇ ãÊÒÍáÞå:lool:
ÊÖÍßí ÈáÇ Óäæä íÇ ãÊÒÍáÞå:lool:
Thanks you too! :D
Dollyh, it looks like you don't need to look for a hubby after all:wink: you have some admirer here:p ;)
Shatnar, it is ok, youcan sit and listen:wink:...you might learn something:p
Dollyh, it looks like you don't need to look for a hubby after all:wink: you have some admirer here:p ;)
Shatnar, it is ok, youcan sit and listen:wink:...you might learn something:p
:love: :love:
:D
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:lool:
Ya abuAli, yes I am dying of thirst:) where is the water...ya 3ani al zoul yamot min al3a6ash wa mafi zoul yajeeb 7'abaroh:roll: :D
Ya abuAli, yes I am dying of thirst:) where is the water...ya 3ani al zoul yamot min al3a6ash wa mafi zoul yajeeb 7'abaroh:roll: :D
http://www.joburg.org.za/images/glass-water.jpg
:D
http://www.joburg.org.za/images/glass-water.jpg
:D
thanks that is very kind of you:D, you just saved my life:cool:
ps, that must be the best glass of water I ever had:p
:lool: :lool: :lool: :lool: :lool:
I was waiting for Mcgee, to add medical facts about water...I guess he is held up...so I will carry on and he can add his part later:)
Water is a very important substance, as it makes up the larger part of an organism's body. But what exactly is water? Inside the body of a human being there is a skeleton, which makes your body solid and makes sure you can stand up without falling apart. Water is also a kind of skeleton. It consists of tiny particles, the atoms, just like every other substance on earth. One of these atoms is called hydrogen and the other is called oxygen.The air that we breathe also contains oxygen. One particle of water is called a molecule. When lots of water molecules melt together we can see the water and drink it or use it, for instance to flush a toilet.
A water molecule consists of three atoms; an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, which are bond together like little magnets. The atoms consist of matter that has a nucleus in the centre.
The difference between atoms is expressed by atomic numbers. The atomic number of an atom depends on the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom. Protons are small positively charged particles. Hydrogen has one proton in the nucleus and oxygen has eight. There are also uncharged particles in the nucleus, called neutrons.
Next to protons and neutrons, atoms also consist of negatively charged electrons, which can be found in the electron cloud around the nucleus. The number of electrons in an atom equals the number of protons in the nucleus. The attraction between the protons and electrons is what keeps an atom together.
The weight of a molecule is determined by the atomic masses of the atoms that it is built of. The atomic mass of an atom is determined by the addition of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, because the electrons hardly weigh anything. When the atomic masses of the separate atoms are known, one simply has to add them up to find the total atomic mass of a molecule, expressed in grams per mol. A mol is an expression of the molair weight of a molecule, derived from the weight of a hydrogen molecule, which is 1 mol.
Hydrogen has a relative atomic mass of 1 g/ mol and oxygen has a relative atomic mass of 16 g/ mol. Water consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. This means that the mass of a water molecule is 1g + 1g + 16g = 18 g/ mol.
When the number of moles of water is known, one can calculate how many grams of weight this is, by using the molar weight of water.
Water exists in three states: solid, liquid and gaseous. At a normal temperature of about 25oC it is liquid, but below 0oC it will freeze and turn to ice. Water can be found in the gaseous state above 100oC, this is called the boiling point of water, at which water starts to evaporate. The water turns to gas and is then odourless and colourless.
How fast water evaporates depends on the temperature; if the temperature is high, water will evaporate sooner.
The changes from a liquid to a solid or to a gas are called phase changes. When a substance such as water changes phase, its physical appearance changes, but not its chemical properties. This is because the chemical structure remains the same, but the molecules of which it consists will float a little further apart. In the solid state the water molecules are fairly close together, but in the liquid state they are a bit further apart. The water becomes liquid as a result of parting molecules. When water changes from liquid to gas the molecules will part even further, that is why we cannot detect it.
When substances freeze, usually the molecules come closer together. Water has an abnormality there: it freezes below 0oC, but when temperatures fall to 4oC, water starts to expand and as a result the density is lower. Density of a substance means the weight in kilograms of a cubic metre of a substance. When two substances are mixed but do not dissolve in one another, the substance with the lowest density floats on the other substance. In this case that substance is ice, due to the increased density of water. That is why float on water.
Polarity determines if a substance is water-soluble. A polair substance is a substance that has two kinds of 'poles', as in a magnet. When another substance is also polair the poles of the substances attract each other and as a result the substances mix. A substance then dissolves in water.
Substances that contain no 'poles' are called apolair substances. Oil for instance is an apolair substance, which is why oil does not dissolve in water. In fact it floats on water, just like ice, due to its smaller density.
When water is referred to as 'hard' this simply means, that it contains more minerals than ordinary water. These are especially the minerals calcium and magnesium. The degree of hardness of the water exceeds, when more calcium and magnesium dissolve.
Magnesium and calcium are positively charged ions. Because of their presence, other positively charged substances will dissolve less easy in hard water than in water that does not contain calcium and magnesium. This is the cause of the fact that soap doesn't really dissolve in hard water.
Physical properties of a substance are properties that have everything to do with the substance's appearance. Chemical properties are properties that are often used in chemistry, to address the state of a substance. Physical and chemical properties can tell us something about the behaviour of a substance in certain circumstances.
There are several different physical and chemical properties, which are often used alternately. We can name the following:
- Density. The density of water means the weight of a certain amount of water. It is usually expressed in kilograms per cubic metre. (physical)
- Thermal properties. This refers to what happens to water when it is heated; at which temperature it becomes gaseous and that sort of thing. (physical)
- Conductivity. This means the amount of electricity that water can conduct. It is expressed in a chemical magnitude. (physical)
- Light absorption. This is the amount of light a certain amount of water can absorb over time. (chemical)
- Viscosity. This means the syrupiness of water and it determines the mobility of water. When the temperature rises, the viscosity degrades; this means that water will be more mobile at higher temperatures. (physical)
- The pH. The pH has its own scale, running up from 1 to 14. The pH shows whether a substance is acid (pH 1-6), neutral (pH 7) or basic (pH 8-14). The number of hydrogen atoms in the substance determines the pH. The more hydrogen atoms a substance contains, the lower the pH will be. A substance that contains many hydrogen atoms is acid. We can measure the pH by dipping a special colouring paper in the substance, the colours shows which pH the substance has. (chemical)
- Alkalinity. This is the capacity of water to neutralize an acid or a base, so that the pH of the water will not change. (chemical)
Water can be found everywhere on earth, as most of the earth consists of water; namely the oceans. On land water cannot only be found in taps and toilets, but also outside the house in streams, lakes, wetlands and reservoirs. This is called surface water.
What we cannot see with our own eyes is that water can also be found in the ground, this is called groundwater. Groundwater is rainwater that infiltrates into the soil and is stored in pores. The soil consists of different layers, the so-called aquifers, that all contain certain amounts of water. The layer that consists mainly of groundwater is called the saturation layer. When rain falls the saturation layer will grow wider as a result of an expanding amount of groundwater.
Finally water can be found in gaseous state in the sky as moist or in cloud form.
The freshwater we use from the surface first arrives as a result of rainfall, known as precipitation. Part of the precipitation falls on land and infiltrates into the ground. Another part of the precipitation evaporates and thereby returns to the atmosphere, to fall down again when it is raining. The last part of the precipitation is called surface run-off. Surface run-off flows directly into streams, lakes, wetlands and reservoirs.
The precipitation that infiltrates into the ground moves downwards through pores, which are small voids in the soil. The precipitation moves towards a zone that consists merely of water, and then becomes groundwater. Groundwater slowly moves towards surface water in streams and lakes. Eventually all the precipitation will end up in surface waters at some point. Then the top layer of the water evaporates and rises up into the sky to form clouds. When the pressure builds due to increasing amounts of water, the clouds move inland and it starts to rain. The whole cycle as described here starts over again and will go on and on.
The ground is made up of different types of layers vertically, called the aquifers. Groundwater spreads through the ground horizontally; it moves from the area of infiltration through an aquifer and out to a discharge area, as a part of the water cycle. This can be a well, a lake, a stream or even an ocean. Groundwater normally moves from points of high elevation and pressure to points of lower elevation and pressure. This movement is quite slow, typically only 1 meter or so per year and rarely more than 0.3 meter per day.
The freshwater we use from the surface first arrives as a result of rainfall, known as precipitation. Part of the precipitation falls on land and infiltrates into the ground. Another part of the precipitation evaporates and thereby returns to the atmosphere, to fall down again when it is raining. The last part of the precipitation is called surface run-off. Surface run-off flows directly into streams, lakes, wetlands and reservoirs.
The precipitation that infiltrates into the ground moves downwards through pores, which are small voids in the soil. The precipitation moves towards a zone that consists merely of water, and then becomes groundwater. Groundwater slowly moves towards surface water in streams and lakes. Eventually all the precipitation will end up in surface waters at some point. Then the top layer of the water evaporates and rises up into the sky to form clouds. When the pressure builds due to increasing amounts of water, the clouds move inland and it starts to rain. The whole cycle as described here starts over again and will go on and on.
wow!!....I was just reading this........seems like you got it off my hydrology text book ya frienda :p
Water is a very precious heavenly gift.....actually it was my new years resolution to stop drinking soda and replace it with water and juice....really....after a good meal... ..nothing compared to an average (not too cold) cup of water.....
water can be the gift of life but it can also be a reason for death and destruction....think of all the infectious diseases that is transmitted through water....the tsunamis...the floodings...Katrina...tell you the truth...it's been raining almost non stop for the past three days in my city....can't say I am loving it coz three days is just too freaking much no matter how bad we need the water specially when the rain comes with wind....y3ny leave the umbrella at home cause you are getting soaked no matter what :lool:
Sudaany, I agree with you water is causin too much "death and destruction" but again with out it there will be no life....and we can't forget that.
The other thing is all the destruction happening these day is a result of man abusing nature for centuries and now we are paying a dear price of the pollution we cause...
As for the rain, I hate it when it rains "cats and dogs" :lool: :lool: :lool: but that is nature's way of recycling ;)....
Since you are studying about water, why don't you join us and bring more facts....while waiting for Mcgee to bring medical facs( he did a runner:p)
poor you 3 days of rain that is depressing, we had snow......and it never snow in my city but this year it did and it was heavy, but I like snow:D
jeffyouknowwho 11-Feb-07, 02:54 i suppose you heard about the lady in the USA that died from drinking too much water recently... a contest put on by a radio station. who woulda thought it possible!?!
by the way, i personally think the marriage of the coffee been and water was the best thing ever to happen to man...
jeffyouknowwho 11-Feb-07, 02:56 Sudaany, I agree with you water is causin too much "death and destruction" but again with out it there will be no life....and we can't forget that.
The other thing is all the destruction happening these day is a result of man abusing nature for centuries and now we are paying a dear price of the pollution we cause...
As for the rain, I hate it when it rains "cats and dogs" :lool: :lool: :lool: but that is nature's way of recycling ;)....
Since you are studying about water, why don't you join us and bring more facts....while waiting for Mcgee to bring medical facs( he did a runner:p)
poor you 3 days of rain that is depressing, we had snow......and it never snow in my city but this year it did and it was heavy, but I like snow:D
is there anything like snow??? do you ski afriend?
Ya abuAli, yes I am dying of thirst:) where is the water...ya 3ani al zoul yamot min al3a6ash wa mafi zoul yajeeb 7'abaroh:roll: :D
ÓáÇãÊß........æäÇÓ ÝÑíÞ ÞÏÇã ßáåã ßÑÇãÊß
ÔæÝí íÇ ÈÊí Çä ÈÞÊ Úáí ÇáãæíÉ ÈäÌíÈÇ áíß Åä ÔÇÁ Çááå Ýí ÇáæÇÞ ÇáæÇÞ
ÈÓ ÇäÊí Ýßí ÇáãÑÇÞÈÉ ÔæíÉ
:lool: :lool:
Thanks Afriend for the useful info.
And please let me share this with you, this phenomenal substance also known as Universal Solvent has very unique physical and chemical properties compared to other substances which makes it involved in every aspect of our daily lives:
Drinking: seven liters of water per day are needed to avoid dehydration,but it is believed that the precise amount depends on level of activity,temperature , humidity and other factors.The latest dietary reference intake report by the United States National Research Council in general recommended : 2.7 litres of water total for women and 3.7 litres for men. ( I have always believed that women should consume more water than men,
Guess I was mistaken, may be they should coz they exert more energy?)
This part is for you dollyh
Other myths of water in humans body is the effect of water to weight loss and constipation.
I heard of something called water therapy, it involves the drinking of 1.5 liters(5-6 glasses) of water 3ALLA ALREEG and it is very is very essential to note that nothing neither drinks nor solid food of any sort should be taken within 1 hour before and after drinking this 1.5 liters of water.
I didn’t try it and I don’t know how far this is right.PLEASE DO NOT TRY THIS AT HOME :)
But they say Beyonce lost some weight on water diet.
As a solvent: being a good solvent water is used to wash everyday items starting from our bodies and ending with daily used stuff.
As a thermal Transfer element:water with all its states is involved in many industrial processes:
Steam in electricity generation: electricity generated by steam turbines is used in many countries specially here in the gulf area.
Another way of generating electricity by using water is by harnessing the energy of falling water by dams also known as hydro-electric dams.
I think it is a good chance to mention the execution of the huge project of Sad Merowe .i have seen a program about it in Sudan TV few days back and I was really amazed. I have never expected it to be that big.
The dam is designed to have a length of about 9km and a crest height of up to 67m. It will consist of concrete-faced rockfill dams on each river bank, an earth-rock dam with a clay core in the left river channel and a live water section in the right river channel (sluices, spillway and power intake dam with turbine housings). Once finished, it will contain a reservoir of 12.5 km³, or about 20% of the Nile's annual flow. The reservoir lake is planned to extend 174 km upstream. The powerhouse will be equipped with ten 125MW Francis turbines, each one designed for a nominal discharge rate of 300 m³/s, and each one driving a 150 MVA, 15 kV synchronous generator. The planners expect an annual electricity yield of 5.5 TWh, corresponding to an average load of 625 MW, or 50% of the rated load. To utilize the extra generation capacity, the Sudanese power grid will be upgraded and extended as part of the project. It is planned to build about 500 km of new 500 kV aerial transmission line across the Bayudah desert to Atbara, continuing to Omdurman/Khartoum, as well as about 1000 km of 220 kV lines eastwards to Port Sudan and westwards along the Nile, connecting to Merowe, Dabba and Dongola.
As a coolant in district cooling & Air conditioning .It is also used for cooling reactors in Nuclear industry.
Food Processing.It is even involved in Politics 8)
Because of overpopulation, mass consumption, misuse, and water pollution, the availability of drinking water per capita is inadequate and shrinking as of the year 2006. For this reason, water is a strategic resource in the globe and an important element in many political conflicts.
There is a long history of conflict over water, including efforts to gain access to water, the use of water in wars started for other reasons, and tensions over shortages and control. UNESCO's World Water Development from its World Water Assessment Program indicates that, in the next 20 years, the quantity of water available to everyone is predicted to decrease by 30%. 40% of the world's inhabitants currently have insufficient fresh water for minimal hygiene. More than 2.2 million people died in 2000 from diseases related to the consumption of contaminated water or drought. In 2004, the UK charity WaterAid reported that a child dies every 15 seconds from easily preventable water-related diseases. Fresh water—now more precious than ever in our history for its extensive use in agriculture, high-tech manufacturing, and energy production—is increasingly receiving attention as a resource requiring better management and sustainable use.
They realized that oil is not the issue anymore…it is all about water .....Allah yastor
Jeff, I used to and loved it very much but stopped like 6 years ago...I love Snow...I love eating it:oops :lool: :lool: :lool: I know I am weird:wink:
ÈÓ ÇäÊí Ýßí ÇáãÑÇÞÈÉ ÔæíÉ
:lool: :lool:
and if I don't you will let me die of thirst:tears:
i suppose you heard about the lady in the USA that died from drinking too much water recently... a contest put on by a radio station. who woulda thought it possible!?!
by the way, i personally think the marriage of the coffee been and water was the best thing ever to happen to man...
Oh yes I heard about that poor lady...altoor kabeer mentioned that....
aha I take it you a addicted to your coffee:p...it might be refreshing and all but nothing like drink and cool glass of water;) it will wash all the impurities of coffee out or your system:D
Hi Waheda, thanks for the contributions...it is great to have more people involved in exchange of information.... I was coming to the politics and water problems but I am glad that your brought that up...
Just let me make one correction the recommended dail intake of waer is 2 litres not 7 loooooooool othewise the people will day of excess water in take...just like the lady Jeff and toor kabeer mentioned....and let's hear more from you:)
.
2. Americans use five times the amount of water that Europeans use.
No wonder Europeans reek.:D
No wonder Europeans reek.:D
Looooooool@ you.....
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Thanks Shata for the information, that was very nice read:) ...but too long loooool didn't you know that I have trouble reading long post:p :lool: :lool:
Thanks Shata for the information, that was very nice read:) ...but too long loooool didn't you know that I have trouble reading long post:p :lool: :lool:
Sorry ..:oops .. but for me it was just - copy & Paste :oops
no :geek: at all :D
Naaaaaah thanks to you Shata I really enjoyed reading that there was a lot to take in.....specially the second part....
From now on I am going to make sure I take my water drink more serious....I have to make sure that I don't forget to drink water:-?
Hi Waheda, thanks for the contributions...it is great to have more people involved in exchange of information.... I was coming to the politics and water problems but I am glad that your brought that up...
Just let me make one correction the recommended dail intake of waer is 2 litres not 7 loooooooool othewise the people will day of excess water in take...just like the lady Jeff and toor kabeer mentioned....and let's hear more from you:)
did i....Naaaaah...i guess i said 2.7 litres for women and 3.7 liters for men.....
7 liters!!!! ...No way.....it will be the quickest way to suicide :lool:
Thanks Afriend for the useful info.
And please let me share this with you, this phenomenal substance also known as Universal Solvent has very unique physical and chemical properties compared to other substances which makes it involved in every aspect of our daily lives:
Drinking: seven liters of water per day are needed to avoid dehydration,but it is believed that the precise amount depends on level of activity,temperature , humidity and other factors.
loooooooooool ya Waheda, you got me confused :) I was sure I read seven litres;) ;) It might have been a mistake but I had to mention it incase someone reads it and get confused we don't want to be responsible:lool: :lool: :lool: :lool:
loooooooooool ya Waheda, you got me confused :) I was sure I read seven litres;) ;) It might have been a mistake but I had to mention it incase someone reads it and get confused we don't want to be responsible:lool: :lool: :lool: :lool:
oh my gosh :eek: ........sorry about that...i feel so embarrassed now :o ....i think it was supposed to be 7 glasses.......thanks for the correction and as you say we dont want to be responsible .......thanks again.......still waiting for the part related to politics :)
This is rather a not so typical way of producing drinking water.....human beings are getting very creative and they always find a way to adapt....fog catchers? who would have thought so.....this is very popular in Chile by the way...they installed a series of fog catchers in a long stretch of mountains facing the foggy ocean....it's proven to be effective and less damaging to the environment.....not very expensive either......next time I'll try to find an article about desalination
Researcher: Why pull drinking water from the sea when there’s a source all around us?
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By TOM RAGAN
Sentinel staff writer
MONTEREY — While water officials consider desalination plants in Santa Cruz and Moss Landing, and Pajaro Valley farmers wait for a freshwater pipeline to be built, there’s another technology that has the ability to harness water but often slips below the radar: the fog catcher.
The mesh-net devices are about the size of a highway road sign, though in the mountainous regions of Chile and Peru, where fog catchers are more common, they are about twice the size of a gigantic billboard.
Now a student at Cal State Monterey Bay is trying to see how much water he can collect from summer fog along the Central Coast. The way senior Gregory Ruiz sees it, there’s simply too much fog in the Monterey Bay to go to waste.
"Something should be done," Ruiz, 20, said as he checked the water level in a plastic 2-liter bottle beneath his miniature fog catcher. "If we have the technology, we should try catching it. If South America can do it, then why can’t we?"
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Ruiz is conducting the study as part of his senior thesis; Dan Fernandez, an associate professor who teaches physics at the university, is encouraging him. Fernandez said he read about the technology a few years ago, and the concept has always been in the back of his mind.
"Sometimes the answer is right in front of our faces," he said. "We’re so accustomed to paying money and conducting studies and trying to come up with this big technology that will deliver us more water, when the answer is sitting right out there along the coast." Although the technology is a long way from solving the water woes of the region, where supply is shrinking as more farmers draw water from underground aquifers and development increases, it’s a start, Fernandez said.
Skeptics say to meet the region’s water demands, there would have to be hundreds of large fog catchers set up, something that might not be practical or pleasing to the eye.
The reason there is so much fog along the Central Coast during the summer "is simple," says Ryan Walbrun, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in San Francisco.
It’s because the temperature in the Pacific Ocean pretty much remains constant at 55 degrees, he said.
"And when the heat intensifies during the summer two miles inland," he added, "the warm air mixes with the cool air, and that’s how the fog is generated." By November, Ruiz should complete his thesis, which will show how much water the fog catcher yielded.
Born and raised in the San Fernando Valley near Los Angeles, Ruiz said ever since he can remember there’s been some sort of water shortage. It’s that constant problem, he said, that inspired him to look for solutions.
How it works
Moisture-laden fog collects on the mesh-net of the fog catcher, and, over time, the fog condenses into water and trickles down into a waiting bucket.
Waheda, soon ISA will get in that part...
Sudaany, that is very interesting, I never heard about this fog catchers:D....Mmmmm that woun't help us back home:p, waiting for more:wink:
afriend, you know i was talking to my doc a couple of days back about my wiehgt, and i told him i would like to loose 25LB,
:lool: :lool: :lool: :lool:
very nice & usefull topic ya afriend
WATER (H2O) = LIFE
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:lool: :lool: :lool: :lool:
very nice & usefull topic ya afriend
WATER (H2O) = LIFE
ÞÇá ÊÚÇáì : æÌÚáäÇ ãä ÇáãÇÁö ßáø ÔÆ Íí
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Afriend
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hi kawarti, water simple yet vital for life:)
loooool@shata (loooool@shata), I am right behind you:p :lool: :lool: :lool: :lool:
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