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"Osman-Digna (Georges Nisbet, dit), c.-à-d. le Barbu (dikn, barbe). Chef soudanais, né à Rouen en 1836 de
parents français qu'il suivit à Alexandrie en 1849. Sa mère, devenue veuve, se remaria à un commerçant musulman du nom d'Osman et fit élever son fils dans la religion musulmane. Il passa par l'école militaire du Caire, fut emmena par son beau-père (mort en 1865) à Suakin, où il s'adonna au commerce de denrées et d'esclaves. Il devint l'un des personnages les plus influents de Suakin et, en 1882, s'associa à l'insurrection d'Arabi Pacha, son ancien camarade. Les cheikhs du Soudan oriental le prirent pour chef, et il reconnut le Mahdi (La Nubie et le Soudan oriental). Il combattit intrépidement le Anglo-Egyptiens, perdit le bras gauche à la suite d'une blessure. Ses exploits les plus frappants furent accomplis en 1887-88 auprès de Suakin où il s'était fortifié près de Tokar; il ne fut délogé par les Anglais de Grenfell qu'au prix de pertes cruelles
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Osman Digna (Arabic: ÚËãÇä ÏÞäÉ )(c.1836 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1830s) - 1926 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926)) was a follower of the Mahdi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad) in Sudan (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan). His birthplace is unknown; both Suakin (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suakin) and Rouen (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouen), France (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France) were said to be the town where he was born. When he was called Osman Ali, Osman Digna lived in Alexandria (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria), Egypt (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt), where he dealt in the selling of slaves. After the English (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain) forced him to quit his business, he took part in the revolt of Arabi Pasha (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Orabi). After the failure of that movement at the Battle of Tel al-Kebir (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_al-Kebir) (September 13 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_13), 1882 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1882)), he attached himself to the cause of the Mahdi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad).
About this time he received the name Digna because of the fullness of his beard. He maintained himself at the head of a powerful army around Suakin and inflicted a severe defeat (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battles_of_El_Teb) on Baker Pasha (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentine_Baker) near Tokar (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokar&action=edit), southeast of that place, on February 4 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_4), 1884 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884). Immediately after this victory, however, he was defeated by General Graham (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Graham) near Tokar and at Tamanieh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tamai). As the Mahdi's ablest general, he was largely responsible for the fate of Gordon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_George_Gordon) and the loss of the Sudan to the English. In December, 1888 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888), he suffered a bloody reverse at the hands of General Grenfell (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Grenfell%2C_1st_Baron_Grenfell) at Suakin, where he lost an arm. In 1899 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899) he fought in the last campaign of the Mahdist forces, whose strength had been broken in the previous year at Omdurman (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Omdurman). On January 19 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_19), 1900 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900), he was captured near Tokar and sent as a prisoner to Rosetta (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta). He served in prison for eight years and after his release remained in Egypt until his death in 1926.
Osman Digna (Arabic: ÚËãÇä ÏÞäÉ )(c.1836 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1830s) - 1926 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926)) was a follower of the Mahdi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad) in Sudan (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan). His birthplace is unknown; both Suakin (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suakin) and Rouen (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouen), France (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France) were said to be the town where he was born. When he was called Osman Ali, Osman Digna lived in Alexandria (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria), Egypt (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt), where he dealt in the selling of slaves. After the English (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain) forced him to quit his business, he took part in the revolt of Arabi Pasha (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Orabi). After the failure of that movement at the Battle of Tel al-Kebir (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_al-Kebir) (September 13 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_13), 1882 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1882)), he attached himself to the cause of the Mahdi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad).
About this time he received the name Digna because of the fullness of his beard. He maintained himself at the head of a powerful army around Suakin and inflicted a severe defeat (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battles_of_El_Teb) on Baker Pasha (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentine_Baker) near Tokar (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokar&action=edit), southeast of that place, on February 4 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_4), 1884 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884). Immediately after this victory, however, he was defeated by General Graham (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Graham) near Tokar and at Tamanieh (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tamai). As the Mahdi's ablest general, he was largely responsible for the fate of Gordon (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_George_Gordon) and the loss of the Sudan to the English. In December, 1888 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888), he suffered a bloody reverse at the hands of General Grenfell (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Grenfell%2C_1st_Baron_Grenfell) at Suakin, where he lost an arm. In 1899 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899) he fought in the last campaign of the Mahdist forces, whose strength had been broken in the previous year at Omdurman (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Omdurman). On January 19 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_19), 1900 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900), he was captured near Tokar and sent as a prisoner to Rosetta (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta). He served in prison for eight years and after his release remained in Egypt until his death in 1926.
This article incorporates text from an edition of the New International Encyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia) that is in the public domain (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain). Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Digna (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Digna)"
ALTOOR KABEER 18-Feb-07, 19:05 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Digna.jpg/180px-Digna.jpg
Rouen (pronounced /ʀuɑ̃/ in French (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language), sometimes also /ʀwɑ̃/) is the historical capital city of Normandy (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy), in northwestern France (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France) on the River Seine (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seine), and currently the capital of the Haute-Normandie (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haute-Normandie) (Upper Normandy) région (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_in_France). Once one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_Europe), Rouen was the seat of the Exchequer (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchequer) of Normandy in the Middle Ages. It was one of the capitals of the Anglo-Norman (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Norman) dynasties, which ruled both England and large parts of modern France from the 11th century to the 15th century. It is in Rouen that the English burnt Joan of Arc (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc) in 1431 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1431). People from Rouen are called Rouennais.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouen)Rouen (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouen), France (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France)
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a leader of the Mahdist revolt that broke out in the Sudan in 1881
Osman's father was a merchant of Kurdish descent; his mother, a member of the local Hadendowa tribe. Before the revolt of al-Mahdy, Osman traded in slaves. In 1877, however, the Egyptian government, which had nominal authority in the Sudan, began to take serious measures against the slave trade. Osman was jailed for a time and later joined an ecstatic mystical order. When in 1883 he learned of the advent of MuhammadAhmad, al-Mahdy, he joined him and thereafter became a devoted follower. Al-Mahdy gave him the mission of raising the rebellion in the Red Sea hinterland. The Beja tribesmen who populated the area did not speak Arabic and had never been ruled by an Arab; they thus quickly gave their allegiance to Osman, who was their kinsman and through years of friendly commercial dealings with them had come to know their language and their ways. With his Beja tribal warriors, Osman destroyed two Egyptian columns near Tokar in November and December 1883, while Tokar itself, the chief city in the region, fell to him several months later. From then until 1891 Osman directed Mahdist activities in the eastern Sudan and thus protected its eastern borders from Egyptian forces. In February 1891, however, an Anglo-Egyptian force recaptured Tokar, and, abandoned by all of his allies, Osman fled to the mountains. He remained a general in the Mahdist army but did not play a decisive role in the battles that led to the defeat and death of al-Mahdy's successor, ÅAbd Allah, in November 1899. Osman then fled, trying to reach the Hejaz. He was captured in the Red Sea hills in January 1900 and was
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